Nuclear deal between India & U.S

India will not agree to any changes to a landmark civilian nuclear cooperation deal reached with the U.S. last year, Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh said Thursday. Singh made a detailed presentation to parliament on the deal after opposition parties accused the government of succumbing to U.S. pressures to limit India's nuclear program. India would have to strengthen nuclear safeguards, allow international inspections of its civilian facilities, and separate its civilian and military nuclear programs.

"We have made it clear that India's strategic program is outside the purview of the agreement," he said. "We will stick to the parameters of the agreement signed in Washington last year and this alone will be the acceptable basis of nuclear cooperation between India and the United States."

The United States and India made international headlines this year when they announced a proposed nuclear deal that would give India assistance with its civilian nuclear energy program if New Delhi agrees to international inspections and safeguards. Opponents of the proposed legislation say it could fatally damage the international nonproliferation regime. The deal's advocates say it encourages New Delhi to prevent nuclear proliferation and marks a new closeness in the Indo-US relationship.

Nuclear Testing Limitations
A political pledge that it has made before in other contexts. All of the other original nuclear-weapon states are not only observing unilateral moratoria, but they have also signed the CTBT, which according to customary reading of Article XVIII of the Vienna Convention on Treaties, establishes a legally-binding commitment not to take any action “contrary to the purpose or intent” of the treaty prior to ratification, the President to certify that:
India is making satisfactory progress toward a legally-binding commitment not to conduct nuclear weapon test explosions or nuclear explosions of any kind, and has not conducted a nuclear test explosion after May 1998.

India-specific or Country-neutral criteria
According to the July 18 Joint Statement and the civil-military separation plan announced by Prime Minister Singh, India has agreed to allow permanent IAEA safeguards on nuclear reactors and facilities that it designates as “civilian.” By the time the separation plan is to be implemented in 2014, as many as eight additional nuclear reactors would be safeguarded. Currently four reactors are already under facility-specific safeguards and India already agreed that two Russian-supplied light-water energy production reactors now under construction will also be safeguarded

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